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Juvenile arthritis can significantly impact a child’s quality of life. Stiff joints, especially in the morning, and swelling can make it hard to walk, play, or even hold a pencil. Central Florida Health Care Rheumatologist Devashis Mitra MD, DM(PhD) says if untreated, joint damage and growth problems can occur, sometimes leading to permanent disability. In severe cases, children may experience eye inflammation (uveitis), fatigue, and poor appetite. The disease often flares and remits, meaning that symptoms can come and go unpredictably.
Juvenile arthritis (JA) is a term used to describe a group of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases that affect children under the age of 16. Dr. Mitra says, unlike arthritis in adults, which is often linked to wear and tear of joints over time, juvenile arthritis results from the immune system mistakenly attacking the body’s own tissues. This condition can cause joint swelling, pain, stiffness, and can interfere with a child’s ability to perform everyday activities.
There are several types of juvenile arthritis, each with its own characteristics. The most common form is Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), formerly called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. JIA is further divided into subtypes including oligoarticular JIA (affecting four or fewer joints), polyarticular JIA (affecting five or more joints), and systemic JIA, which not only affects joints but can also cause fevers, rash, and inflammation of internal organs. Other types include juvenile psoriatic arthritis, associated with the skin condition psoriasis, and enthesitis-related arthritis, which involves inflammation where tendons or ligaments attach to bones.
Emotionally, living with juvenile arthritis can be just as challenging. Children may struggle with frustration or sadness because they can’t participate in the same activities as their peers. Chronic pain and fatigue can affect mood, school performance, and social relationships. Some children develop anxiety or depression because of their condition. The need for frequent medical appointments and physical therapy may also affect a child’s routine and sense of normalcy.
Treatment for juvenile arthritis focuses on controlling symptoms, preventing joint damage, and maintaining function. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often used to reduce pain and inflammation. If symptoms persist, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate may be prescribed to slow the progression of the disease. In more severe cases, biologic agents like etanercept, adalimumab and Infliximab etc. can be used to target specific parts of the immune system to reduce inflammation. Corticosteroids may also be used for short-term control of severe symptoms, but long-term use is avoided due to side effects. In addition to medications, physical therapy and occupational therapy help children maintain flexibility and muscle strength.
In conclusion, juvenile arthritis is a serious condition that affects both the physical and emotional well-being of children. Though the disease can be life-altering, with early diagnosis, a tailored treatment plan, and a supportive care team, many children with JA are able to lead active and fulfilling lives. Ongoing research continues to improve outcomes and bring hope to families affected by this complex condition. Call to schedule an appointment to learn more about juvenile arthritis. 866-234-8534.
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